1 情态动词的特点:
1.没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化:
e.g. will → would , can → could , may→ might , dare → dared
2 情态动词的否定式: 情态动词+ not +动词原形can not: can’t , must not: mustn’t , need not : needn’t
3 情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一。
1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后, 能够做到; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是can的过去式, 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性 ; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。
1). The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (NMET 97 )
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
2). She asked if she could keep the book for another two days.
3). -Will you stay for lunch?
-Sorry, __ . My brother is coming to see me. (NMET99)
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做 ; 表示某事有可能发生。 might 是may的过去式; 用在疑问中比may委婉、客气。
1). -May I take this book out of the reading-room?
-No, you mustn’t. ( Yes, you may.)
2). -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may.
3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事: 必须
2). 表示很有把握的推断: 一定, 准是。have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式: had to
3). -Must I get to the station before three o’clock?
-Yes, you must. ( No, you needn’t. )
4). I’m afraid you will have to wait a while.
5). She must be in the classroom now.
6). Mary ____ be in Paris, I saw her in town only a few minutes ago. (NMET 94)
A. mustn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. may not
4. shall
1). 在疑问句中, 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。
2). 用于二、三人称,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。
1). - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn’t .
-Shall he turn down the radio a bit? -Yes, please.(No, please don’t.)
2). You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it.
3). Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him.
4). Your brother seldom comes to see you, ____?
A. does he B. doesn’t he C. will he D. isn’t he
5). It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, ____ ?
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
5. should 应该 ; 应当
1). You should listen to the doctor’s advice.
2). You should study the article carefully.
6. will, would
1). 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。
2). will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态;would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。
3). will 用于各种人称, 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、......。
(1). Don’t smoke in the meeting room, ___ you ?
A. do you B. will you C. can you D. coud you
-Will you come with me ? -Yes, I will.(I am sorry , I can’t.)
(2). -Would you tell us something about yourself ? -Yes, I will.
(3). - It’s my birthday tomorrow. Don’t forget to come to my party.
- _____ .
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
7. ought to 应该; 应当
1). You oughtn’t to smoke too much.
2). She ____ for what she has done.
A. ought to praise B. ought be praised
C. ought to have praised D. ought to be praised
8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come
1). He dare not tell the truth. 2). He doesn’t dare to come out at night.
3). I don’t know whether he ____ try.
A. dare B. needs C. wants D. is allowed
9. need 1). 作为情态动词:必须 2). 作为实义动词: 需要
A.主语是人 need( to do something ; to be done by somebody)
B. 主语是事物 need ( doing; to be done)
1). -Do they need to take any books with them?
-No, they don’t need to.
2). -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we needn’t.
3). This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 4).There is no need for him to come.
4). -Shall I tell John about it ?
- No, you ___ . I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
5). It’s a fine day. You ____ take a raincoat with you.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2 情态动词 + 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点
1. can(could) + have + 过去分词
2. can’t (couldn’t) + have + 过去分词 3. must + have + 过去分词
4. may (might) + have + 过去分词 5. needn’t + have + 过去分词
6. should (ought to) + have + 过去分词
7. shouldn’t (oughtn’t to) + have + 过去分词
1). Can (Could) they have completed their work so soon?
2). She can’t (couldn’t) have make a mistake.
3). Since the ditch is full of water , it ____ (rain) last night.
4). He said that she might have misunderstood him.
练习.情态动词
1. She passed me in the street without speaking, she ____ me.
A. can’t see B. can’t have seen
C. shouldn’t have seen D. shouldn’t see
2. -They were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
3. He ____ you more help even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
4. She quickened her pace in order that she ____ with the others.
A. may catch up B. might catch up
C. could have caught up D. might have caught up
5. There was plenty of time, she ____ .
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
6. I didn’t hear the phone, I ____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
7. He was a good runner so he ____ escape from the police.
A. might B. succeeded C. would D. was able to
8. We ____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B.might study C.should have studied D.would study
9. The young man has made so much noise that he ____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
10. A solider got him out of danger. He ____ hurt.
A. may not B. can have got C. might have got D. might get
11. -Could I use your pen? -Yes, of course you ____ .
A. must B. could C. can D. might
12. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you __ hurt yourself.
won’t; can’t B. mustn’t ; may
C. shouldn’t ; must D. can’t ; shouldn’t
13. Sir, you ___ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for this woman and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
14. I ____ tell her the truth.
A. cannot help B. can’t but C. may not help D. could but
15. I have neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. That’s why I ____ wait until the rain stops.
A. must B. should C. ought to D. have to
16. A traffic accident happened yesterday and a driver ____ .
A. may hurt B. may be hurting C. may have been hurt D. may be hurt
17. A dog ran in front of my mother’s car and she ____ stop very quickly.
A. ought to B. had better C. must D. had to
18. - I stayed at a hotel while in New York .
-Oh , did you ? You ____ with Barbara . (NMET98)
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
19. The plant is dead . I ___ it more water.
A. will give B. would have givenC. must give D. should have given
20. A computer ___ think for itself ; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
21. It’s nearly seven o’ clock. Jack ___ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
22. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
23. -Alice, you feed the bird today, ____ ?
-But I fed it yesterday.
A. do you B. will you C. didn’t you D. don’t you
24. -Do you think I could borrow your dictionary? - ____ .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could
C. Yes, help yourself D. Yes, go on
25. I was really anxious about you.You ____home without a word.(01高考题)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
1-5 BDABD 6-10 BDCDC 11-15 CBABD 16-20 CDADA 21-25 CAACB
十. It 句型归纳
1． It is ＋adj．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的形容词有：easy， hard， difficult，possible，
important， impossible， necessary， good， bad， exciting，
interesting， surprising等。如：
It is necessary to change your job．
It was very hard for them to walk such a long way in the snow．
2． It is ＋n．(＋for sb．／sth．) ＋ to do sth．
用于此句型的名词有： pity, shame, pleasure, one’s duty, one’s
job, fun, joy, good manners, bad manners等。如：
It is a pity for you to have missed such a wonderful play．
It is bad manners for the young to take up the seats for the old．
3． It is ＋adj．＋of sb．＋to do sth．
此句型中的形容词主要描述某人的品德、特征。能用于该句型的形容词有：
kind, nice, wise, silly, polite, impolite, friendly, foolish, clever等。如：How silly it was of you to give up such a good chance！
It is friendly of the family to try to make me feel
at home in their house．
4． It is ＋adj．（＋n．）＋doing sth．
此句型中的形容词和名词常见的有：no／little use, no／much good,
useless等。如：
It’s no use crying over spilt milk．
5．It takes sb．＋一段时间＋to do sth．表示"做某事花费某人多长时间"。如：It took us half an hour to ride to the town by the sea．
6．It is ＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句
此句型中常见的及物动词的过去分词有：said, told, known, reported,
recorded, thought, believed, considered等。如：
It is reported that the Russian President will visit
China next week．
7．It ＋不及物动词＋that从句
此句型中不及物动词常见的有：seem， happen， appear， matter等。如：
It seems that there will be a heavy snow tomorrow．
It happened that I met my good friends in the museum
yesterday．
8．强调句型：It is＋被强调部分＋that／who从句
在使用强调句型时要注意，指人时可以用who或that，其它情况一律用that。如：
It was under the bed that my brother hid the ball
this morning．
It is Mr Bell who／that often comes and looks after
the old man．
9．It is／has been＋一段时间＋since从句。如：
It is ／has been three years since we saw each other last．
10．It is (high) time that sb． did sth．
该句型表示"某人现在该做某事了"，从句常用过去时（虚拟语气）说明现在应该做的事情。如：
It’s six o’clock．It is high time that we went home now．
练习.It的用法
1. My bike is missing. I can’t find ____ anywhere.
A. one B. ones C. it D. that
2. ---- Who’s that? ---- ____ Professor Li.
A. That’s B. It’s C. He’s D. This’s
3. ____ was Jane that I saw in the library this morning.
A. It B. He C. She D. That
4. ---- Have you ever seen a whale alive? ---- Yes, I’ve seen ____.
A. that B. it C. such D. one
5. The color of my coat is different from ____ of yours.
A. this B. that C. it D. one
6. ____ will do you good to do some exercise every morning.
A. It B. There C. Those D. You
7. We think ____ our duty to pay taxes to our government.
A. that B. this C. its D. it
8. The climate of Shanghai is better than ____ of Nanjing.
A. that B. it C. which D. what
9. ____ four years since I joined the Army.
A. There was B. There is C. It was D. It is
10. How long ____ to finish the work?
A. you’ll take B. you’ll take it C. will it take you D. will take you
11. It was through Xiao Li ____ I got to know Xiao Wang.
A. who B. whom C. how D. that
12. It was in the rice fields ____ we had our league meeting.
A. where B. that C. in which D. on which
13. It was on October 1st ____ new China was founded.
A. which B. when C. as D. that
14. Was it because he was ill ____ he asked for leave?
A. and B. that C. that’s D. so
15. Mary speaks in a low voice;__is difficult to know what she is saying.
A. it B. that C. so D. she
16. It was ____ I met Mr Green in Shanghai.
A. many years that B. many years before
C. many years ago that D. many years when
17. ____ is not everybody ____ can draw so well.
A. It, all B. It, that C. There, who D. There, that
18. So ____ that no fish can live in it.
A. shallow is the lake B. the lake is shallow C. shallow the lake is D. is the lake shallow
1~5 CBADB 6~10 ADADC 11~15 DBDBA 16~18 CBA
